To solve world hunger and poverty, we need everybody to step in and help. A couple ways you can help are volunteering, donating, learning about the topic, and advocating about poverty and hunger.
What causes hunger?
What causes hunger? There are many causes of hunger and these are just a couple.
The world produces enough to feed the entire global population of 7 billion people. And yet, one person in eight on the planet goes to bed hungry each night. In some countries, one child in three is underweight. Why does hunger exist?
There are many reasons for the presence of hunger in the world and they are often interconnected. Here are six that we think are important.
Poverty trap
People living in poverty cannot afford nutritious food for themselves and their families. This makes them weaker and less able to earn the money that would help them escape poverty and hunger. This is not just a day-to-day problem: when children are chronically malnourished, or ‘stunted’, it can affect their future income, condemning them to a life of poverty and hunger.
In developing countries, farmers often cannot afford seeds, so they cannot plant the crops that would provide for their families. They may have to cultivate crops without the tools and fertilizers they need. Others have no land or water or education. In short, the poor are hungry and their hunger traps them in poverty.
Lack of investment in agriculture
Too many developing countries lack key agricultural infrastructure, such as enough roads, warehouses and irrigation. The results are high transport costs, lack of storage facilities and unreliable water supplies. All conspire to limit agricultural yields and access to food.
Investments in improving land management, using water more efficiently and making more resistant seed types available can bring big improvements.
Research by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization shows that investment in agriculture is five times more effective in reducing poverty and hunger than investment in any other sector.
Climate and weather
Natural disasters such as floods, tropical storms and long periods of drought are on the increase — with calamitous consequences for the hungry poor in developing countries.
Drought is one of the most common causes of food shortages in the world. In 2011, recurrent drought caused crop failures and heavy livestock losses in parts of Ethiopia, Somalia and Kenya. In 2012 there was a similar situation in the Sahel region of West Africa.
In many countries, climate change is exacerbating already adverse natural conditions. Increasingly, the world’s fertile farmland is under threat from erosion, salination and desertification. Deforestation by human hands accelerates the erosion of land which could be used for growing food.
War and displacement
Across the globe, conflicts consistently disrupt farming and food production. Fighting also forces millions of people to flee their homes, leading to hunger emergencies as the displaced find themselves without the means to feed themselves. The conflict in Syria is a recent example.
In war, food sometimes becomes a weapon. Soldiers will starve opponents into submission by seizing or destroying food and livestock and systematically wrecking local markets. Fields are often mined and water wells contaminated, forcing farmers to abandon their land.
Ongoing conflict in Somalia and the Democratic Republic of Congo has contributed significantly to the level of hunger in the two countries. By comparison, hunger is on the retreat in more peaceful parts of Africa such as Ghanaand Rwanda.
Unstable markets
In recent years, the price of food products has been very unstable. Roller-coaster food prices make it difficult for the poorest people to access nutritious food consistently. The poor need access to adequate food all year round. Price spikes may temporarily put food out of reach, which can have lasting consequences for small children.
When prices rise, consumers often shift to cheaper, less-nutritious foods, heightening the risks of micronutrient deficiencies and other forms of malnutrition.
Food wastage
One third of all food produced (1.3 billion tons) is never consumed. This food wastage represents a missed opportunity to improve global food security in a world where one in 8 is hungry.
Producing this food also uses up precious natural resources that we need to feed the planet. Each year, food that is produced but not eaten guzzles up a volume of water equivalent to the annual flow of Russia’s Volga River. Producing this food also adds 3.3 billion tonnes of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, with consequences for the climate and, ultimately, for food production.
Sources: https://www.wfp.org/hunger/causes
In the United States during 1992, any family of four with an annual cash income of less than $14,335 (before taxes) was considered poor. The dollar amount was called the poverty line, an economic measuring rod devised in 1964. The line was set at three times the amount needed to provide the cheapest nutritionally balanced diet. The poverty line is adjusted annually for inflation.While the poverty line in the United States was more than $14,000, the average annual per-person income in Bangladesh was $200, in Ethiopia $130, in Haiti $340, and in Mali $265. Anyone in those nations with an income of $14,000 would be considered wealthy. During the Great Depression in the United States, when half the population was considered poor, a family with an income at the 1992 poverty line could afford to buy a house, a car, clothing, and food.
The reality of poverty varies with location and social and political conditions. Poverty basically means a lack of, or an insufficient amount of, the three primary physical needs—food, clothing, and shelter. But for poverty to be recognized, it must exist alongside prosperity. Before the discovery of the New World, the American Indians would not have considered themselves poor, though they lived with only the bare necessities and a few handmade artifacts.
The severity of poverty varies, depending on the economic vitality of the nation in which it occurs. In the modern industrialized societies of Western Europe, North America, and Japan, there are many government services provided to alleviate poverty. In addition, the homeless of many cities can often find some shelter and a mission offering free meals. The homeless of Calcutta, India, live and die in the streets with little assistance offered to them.
Poverty Facts
Poverty in the United States
In 2014:
- 46.7 million people (14.8 percent) were in poverty.
- 15.5 million (21.1 percent) children under the age of 18 were in poverty.
- 4.6 million (10 percent) seniors 65 and older were in poverty.
- The overall poverty rate according to the Supplemental Poverty Measure is 15.3 percent, as compared with the official poverty rate of 14.8 percent.
- Under the Supplemental Poverty Measure, there are 48.4 million people living in poverty, nearly 2 million more than are represented by the official poverty measure (46.7 million).
Source: http//www.feedingamercia.org
Homeless Families
Sleeping under a roof, but
homeless nevertheless
By
03.05.13
Ten-year-old Kaylie Hegwood and her brother Tyler, 12, are hungry – very hungry. Not because they just finished a game of soccer or forgot to eat breakfast. Kaylie and Tyler are hungry because their mother cannot afford three meals a day.
“There’s good days and bad days,” Tyler told Jezza Neumann, director of “Poor Kids,” a documentary that aired on PBS. “Sometimes when we have cereal, we don’t have milk. We have to eat it dry. Sometimes we don’t have cereal and we have milk. It’s often, like, switch and swap. Sometimes, like, when I switch the channel and there’s a cooking show on, I get a little more hungry and I want to vanish into the screen and start eating the food.”
Kaylie and Tyler live in Iowa with their mother Barbara. Even though Barbara has a job, she barely has enough money for groceries after she pays the rent. Kaylie and Tyler help their mother by collecting empty cans to recycle. Tyler also mows lawns.
The siblings are not enrolled in school because they do not have a permanent home. They move too frequently to register at a school. Currently they are living in a small motel room, which makes them officially homeless.
Who Are The Homeless?
People think of the homeless as poorly dressed adults who sit on the street begging for money. But this is not always the case. Innocent children are also victims of homelessness.
Poverty means having little or no money and it often leads to homelessness. About 16 million children in the United States live in poverty. An estimated one in every 45 children in the country is homeless. That is more than 1.6 million children living in America who do not have a place to call home. Instead they live on the street, a shelter or in a motel. That is like the entire population of Idaho not having a home.
This staggering figure is why in March 2011 some members of Congress hosted a meeting on family homelessness called “A Growing Epidemic: Homeless Children, Youth and Families.” An epidemic describes something that is growing or spreading rapidly, usually in a bad way.
No Pocket Money To Spare
“A lot of times, I have to give my money up to buy groceries and buy gas for the car and lawn mower for mowing other people’s lawns,” Tyler tells Neumann. “I got $10, and I put in $6 of it for the gas and gave the rest to my mom for some food. And (that’s) kind of what I do with my money.”
Kaylie and Tyler are not alone in their struggle to help their mother make enough money to survive. According to national studies, millions of Americans pay more than 50 percent of their income on rent and utility bills such as electricity, water and telephone service.
Kaylie’s mother earns $1,480 a month. Her total in bills each month come to $1,326. That leaves her with just $154 to spend on gas for the car and food for herself and her two children each month. A missed paycheck, car trouble, or an illness can turn into a crisis that forces a family to give up its home, just like Kaylie and Tyler.
Childhood Is Critical
The more time children like Kaylie and Tyler live in poverty, the harder it will be for them to not be poor as adults. That is chiefly because children in poverty and homelessness have a hard time attending school. Instead they work to help their parents pay the bills.
According to a study by Columbia University, 45 percent of people who spent at least half of their childhood in poverty were poor at age 35. For those who spent less than half of their childhood in poverty, just eight percent were poor at age 35.
Studies say homeless children are twice as likely as non-homeless kids to experience anxiety as well as depression. Studies also show that one in six homeless kids will develop emotional problems and 25 percent will witness violence.
Article Source: https://newsela.com/articles/homeless-kids/id/27/
Causes of Poverty
A. Individual
Poverty is explained by individual circumstances and/or characterstics of poor people. Some examples are:
- amount of education, skill, experience, intelligence.
- health, handicaps, age.
- work orientation, time horizon, culture of poverty.
- discrimination, together with race, gender, etc.
B. Aggregate
There are two types of aggregate poverty theory: case and generic. There is no agreement on which is the correct explanation of most poverty.
1. Case. Add up all poverty explained by individual theories, and that is equal to total or aggregate poverty. In other words, according to case theories of poverty, individual and aggregate explanations are really the same. According to these theories, aggregate poverty is just the sum of individual poverty.
2. Generic. Poverty is explained by general, economy-wide problems, such as
- inadequate non-poverty employment opportunities
- inadequate overall demand (macro problems, macro policy)
- low national income (Less Developed Country)
Poverty Definition
poverty
1. the state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support; condition of being poor.
2. deficiency of necessary or desirable ingredients, qualities, etc.
Poverty and Hunger 